Every region has its unique Christmas traditions, and Wales is no exception! Here’s a look at some of the customs of yesteryear, and some that are still very much thriving today. 

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Plygain – Traditional Welsh Christmas Carols

In many parts of Wales in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was customary to welcome Christmas day by getting up as early as 3am to go to Plygain (loosely translated as ‘dawn worship’), a carol service sung in a variety of styles. 

Often the churchgoers would sit up all night around the fire telling stories and playing games, and enjoying festive treats such as hot toffee. They would make their way to church in a candlelit procession. 

Calennig – New Year’s Eve

In south Wales, the customary way to welcome in the New Year would be for groups of children to knock on doors in their neighbourhood and sing rhymes in exchange for sweets, money, or cheese. This tradition is known as Calennig, and sometimes also involved carrying sticks studded with fruit, herbs, and leaves for God’s favour. 

Welsh cakes

Welsh cakes are a traditional sweet treat made from simple ingredients with mixed spice and dried fruit, and are still a favourite in many Welsh families today. A batch of Welsh cakes is a customary way to celebrate or gift to neighbours and friends on special occasions.