Walnut trees have grown in the UK since Roman times, as they were valued for their practical uses, according to the Woodland Trust. They have also acquired a symbolism for wisdom and protection over the centuries, making them a favourite tree for many people. They can grow up to heights of 35 metres, and have a generous canopy.
The walnut tree is mainly found in lowland areas of Britain, where it grows in parks, river banks, roadsides and hedgerows. It is a deciduous tree, producing large feather like leaves in spring and summer. Male flowers grow in the form of catkins, and female flowers produce light brown wrinkled nuts encased in a green husk.
The trees play an important role in providing food and shelter for wildlife, especially squirrels, mice, moths, and caterpillars. The nuts also provide food for humans, and they are high in polyunsaturated fats, which means they are helpful for controlling cholesterol levels. The leaves have also been traditionally used to treat skin and stomach complaints.
Walnut timber is prized for its durability and strength, and English walnut has a distinctive wavy pattern, due to the knotty and gnarled nature of the bark. Walnut furniture items are often made to the highest standards of luxury. It is also popular for making decorative carved objects, such as Welsh love spoons.
The walnut is associated with wisdom and knowledge, because the wrinkled nut encased in a shell is reminiscent of the human brain. There may be some truth in the reputation, because they contain high levels of omega 3 fatty acids, which are very good for brain health.
It is also symbolic of strength and protection, because the shell keeps the soft inner part of the nut safe from damage. Because walnut trees bear such strong and useful fruits, Celtic people believed that planting a walnut tree in their garden would bring fertility and new life to the house.